On May 28, 2026, Ethiopia celebrates its 35th National Day, a momentous occasion known as Derg Downfall Day (Ginbot 20). This day commemorates the end of the military regime in 1991 and the beginning of a new era of federalism and constitutional governance in one of the world’s oldest independent nations.
The Story of the 1991 Transition
The formal significance of May 28th was established in 1991. Following a long and complex internal struggle, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) entered the capital, Addis Ababa, marking the collapse of the Derg military junta.
This transition represented a pivotal shift from a centralized military state to a federal system designed to recognize the diverse ethnic and linguistic identities within Ethiopia. For many, this date symbolizes the restoration of peace and the start of modern nation-building efforts. Today, the 35th anniversary stands as a testament to Ethiopia’s enduring sovereignty—as a nation that successfully resisted colonial rule—and its continuous journey toward stability and economic growth in the Horn of Africa.
A Celebration of Heritage and Resilience
Ethiopia’s National Day is a vibrant reflection of its ancient civilization, its diverse cultural tapestry, and the deep-seated pride of its people:
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Public Assemblies and Speeches: The day is marked by official ceremonies at Meskel Square in Addis Ababa. Leaders and citizens gather to reflect on the nation’s history, honoring the struggle for freedom and emphasizing the importance of national unity amidst a mosaic of over 80 ethnic groups.
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A Showcase of Cultural Diversity: The celebration is a rhythmic display of Ethiopian folklore. From the unique shoulder-shaking Iskista dance of the highlands to the vibrant traditions of the southern regions, the day showcases the “Unity in Diversity” that defines the Ethiopian spirit.
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The Colors of the Pan-African Flag: The green, yellow, and red flag—which served as an inspiration for many independence movements across Africa—is displayed prominently on government buildings, vehicles, and homes. Public spaces are often filled with the sounds of patriotic music and the national anthem, “Whedefit Gesgeshi Widd Innat Ityoppya.”
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The Coffee Ceremony and Cuisine: At the soul of the festivities is the traditional Ethiopian coffee ceremony, a ritual of hospitality and community. Families gather to share Injera with Doro Wat (spicy chicken stew) and break bread (Ambasha), passing down stories of Ethiopia’s ancient kings and its modern resilience to the younger generation.–Editor Ali