Macron Seeks to Reinvent France’s Role in Africa Amid Declining Influence
Tour Highlights “Reinvented Partnerships”
French President Emmanuel Macron concluded a five-day tour of Mauritius, South Africa, Gabon, and Angola, reiterating that France is “turning the page” in its relations with Africa. Despite this repeated pledge, experts say the reality on the ground is far more complex.
Setbacks in the Sahel and Indian Ocean
France has lost ground in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, while political instability in Madagascar has further weakened its influence. Analysts argue that Macron’s message carries less weight today, and Africa may have already moved beyond France’s old sphere of influence.
“Ongoing shifts in geopolitics and economics are shaping France’s Africa policy, rather than proactive planning,” said political analyst Ovigwe Eguegu.
Historical Ties and Partial Failures
Macron’s push for a new relationship began in 2017 when he declared the end of “Francafrique.” Yet, colonial-era structures, economic imbalances, and military dependencies largely remained. Mali cut ties in 2022 following frustrations with Operation Barkhane. Burkina Faso expelled French forces amid public protests, and Niger followed suit after a military takeover in 2023. Madagascar’s recent political upheaval further underscores the decline of French influence.
“France remains uniquely vulnerable due to its historical ties with Africa,” Eguegu added.
Tour Focus and Strategic Messaging
During the tour, Macron emphasized trade, multilateralism, and “win-win partnerships.” Analysts note he avoided sensitive regions like the Sahel and focused on safer ground in Anglophone Africa and countries with stable governments. While this approach signals France’s ongoing engagement, some critics argue that short visits may appear detached.
France’s Remaining Tools and Influence
Despite setbacks, France retains significant leverage through energy interests, corporate networks, diplomatic connections, and the largest African diaspora in Europe. French companies remain deeply embedded across the continent, and several hundred troops are still deployed in strategic locations. Analysts note that African nations now pursue broader partnerships, including ties with China, Russia, Türkiye, India, and Gulf states, reducing France’s exclusive influence.
“France is no longer the central node it once believed itself to be,” said Melly of Chatham House. “African states seek multiple partners rather than relying on just one.”
Conclusion
While Macron seeks to redefine France’s role in Africa, structural shifts, regional instability, and new global competitors pose significant challenges. France’s influence persists, but the landscape has changed, requiring a nuanced and adaptable approach to maintain credibility and engagement.
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